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PMI (Private Mortgage Insurance)

Updated: July 12, 2026 Reviewed by WikEst Finance Team

Mandatory insurance for US & Canada mortgages with down payment less than 20% of purchase price.

Key Takeaways

  • First, understand the key concepts and how things work
  • Get the most up-to-date information directly from official channels
  • Seek advice from professionals who specialize in your situation

Overview

Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) is a type of insurance policy that protects lenders against loss if a borrower defaults on a mortgage loan. It is typically required when the down payment is less than 20% of the home's purchase price, as this represents a higher risk for the lender. PMI allows borrowers to purchase a home with a smaller down payment while protecting the lender's investment.

Key Characteristics

  • Required when down payment is less than 20% of purchase price
  • Protects lender against default risk
  • Paid monthly as part of mortgage payment
  • Can be cancelled once LTV reaches 78% through regular payments
  • Cost typically ranges from 0.5% to 1.5% of loan amount annually

US vs Canada PMI Rules

In the United States, PMI is regulated by the Homeowners Protection Act of 1998, which requires automatic termination when the loan-to-value ratio reaches 78%. In Canada, mortgage default insurance is mandatory for down payments between 5% and 19.99%, provided by CMHC, Genworth, or Canada Guaranty.

Common Examples

  • Home purchase with 5% down payment requiring PMI
  • Canceling PMI after reaching 20% equity through payments
  • Refinancing to remove PMI when LTV improves
  • Canada CMHC insurance for low down payment mortgages

Related Glossary Terms

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Frequently Asked Questions

Below we cover the core concepts and how they work in practice in real estate and finance.
Your situation is one-of-a-kind — think of this as general reference material. For personalized advice, consult a qualified professional.
Turn to official sources such as the IRS, CRA, HUD, and CFPB for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute financial, tax, or legal advice. Consult a qualified professional for advice specific to your situation.
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