Binary: 1010
Octal: 12
Decimal: 10
Hex: A
2's Complement (32-bit): 00000000 00000000 00000000 00001010
Bit count (popcount): 2 bits set

⚡ Quick Examples (Click to Load)

DEC 255Max 8-bit: FF / 11111111 / 377
DEC 10241 KB: 400 hex / 2000 oct / 2¹⁰
DEC 40964 KB memory page size
DEC 65535Max 16-bit: FFFF / 177777 oct
HEX FF= 255 decimal (max byte)
HEX DEADBEEFClassic debug value (3735928559)
BIN 11010110= D6 hex / 214 decimal
OCT 755Unix permission (rwxr-xr-x)

Choose any two bases from 2–36. Digits above 9 use letters: A=10, B=11, ..., Z=35. Case-insensitive input.

Invalid characters for selected base
Source value: 255 (base 10)
Decimal value: 255
Target result: 11111111 (base 2)
Binary: 11111111
Octal: 377
Hex: FF

Encode text to binary, octal, decimal, hex bytes (UTF-8 / ASCII) or decode numeric byte strings back to text.

Binary (8-bit): 01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111 00101100 00100000 01010111 01101111 01110010 01101100 01100100 00100001
Octal (3-digit): 110 145 154 154 157 054 040 127 157 162 154 144 041
Decimal bytes: 72 101 108 108 111 44 32 87 111 114 108 100 33
Hex (uppercase): 48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 57 6F 72 6C 64 21
Decoded text: Hello, World!
Byte count: 13 bytes

Perform AND, OR, XOR, shifts, NOT on two integers. Input accepts 0b (bin), 0o (oct), 0x (hex), or plain decimal prefixes.

Operation: 0xFF AND 0xAA
A decimal: 255
B decimal: 170
Result (BIN): 10101010
Result (OCT): 252
Result (DEC): 170
Result (HEX): AA
Result (Base36): 4Q

💡 Quick prefix reference

0b1010 = binary  |  0o755 = octal  |  0xFF = hex  |  1234 = decimal

📊 Number Base Reference Tables

Decimal 0–31 → Binary / Octal / Hex

Decimal (10)Binary (2)Octal (8)Hex (16)Powers of 2
00002⁰ = 1
11112¹ = 2
210222² = 4
311332³ = 8
4100442⁴ = 16
5101552⁵ = 32
6110662⁶ = 64
7111772⁷ = 128
810001082⁸ = 256
910011192⁹ = 512
10101012A2¹⁰ = 1024 (1K)
11101113B2¹¹ = 2048
12110014C2¹² = 4096 (4K)
13110115D2¹³ = 8192
14111016E2¹⁴ = 16384
15111117F2¹⁵ = 32768
161000020102¹⁶ = 65536
201010024142²⁰ = 1,048,576 (1M)
241100030182²⁴ = 16,777,216 (16M)
3011110361E2³⁰ = 1,073,741,824 (1G)
3111111371F2³² = 4,294,967,296 (4G)

Hexadecimal Digit Reference (0–255 nibbles)

HexDecBinHexDecBinHexDecBinHexDecBin
000000440100881000C121100
110001550101991001D131101
220010660110A101010E141110
330011770111B111011F151111

Common 8/16/32-bit Integer Ranges

WidthUnsigned Max (dec)Unsigned Max (hex)Signed Range (dec)Typical use
8-bit byte2550xFF-128 to +127char, pixel RGB
16-bit word65,5350xFFFF-32,768 to +32,767short, UTF-16, short int
32-bit dword4,294,967,2950xFFFFFFFF-2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647int, IPv4, Unix timestamp
64-bit qword18,446,744,073,709,551,6150xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF-9.22e18 to +9.22e18long long, file size, pointer
128-bit3.40e380xFFFF...FFFF-1.70e38 to +1.70e38UUID, IPv6, GUID

Base-36 Digits (used by custom base converter)

ValueSymbolValueSymbolValueSymbolValueSymbolValueSymbolValueSymbol
0-90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910-15A B C D E F16-21G H I J K L22-27M N O P Q R28-33S T U V W X34-35Y Z

💡 Common Base Conversion Use Cases

💻 Computer Science & Programming

Debug memory dumps, parse hex color codes (#FF5733), analyze bitflags, and understand pointer addresses. All languages use the same bases.

🌐 Networking & IP Addresses

Convert IPv4 dotted decimal (192.168.1.1) to binary for subnet masks. CIDR /24 = 255.255.255.0 = 0xFFFFFF00.

🔐 Cryptography & Encoding

Hex dumps from TLS certificates, X.509 keys, hash digests (MD5/SHA-256). Base-64 is not numeric but common; use hex↔bin here.

🖥️ Embedded / Hardware Dev

MCU register settings, GPIO pin states, I2C/SPI bus values. 0x (hex) and 0b (binary) are both C-standard literals.

🎨 Design & Color Codes

Convert RGB (255,87,51) = 0xFF5733 hex. Adjust channel brightness using decimal↔hex per-channel conversions.

📚 CS Exam / Study

Verify homework answers for discrete math, digital logic, or assembly language classes. Check two's complement for signed integers.

❓ FAQ — Number Base Conversion

How do I convert decimal to binary by hand?

Repeatedly divide the decimal number by 2, collecting remainders (0 or 1). Read the remainders from last to first. Example: 13 → 13÷2=6 r1, 6÷2=3 r0, 3÷2=1 r1, 1÷2=0 r1 → 1101. You can verify this converter's "Binary" output matches.

Why is hexadecimal so common in computing?

One hex digit maps exactly to 4 bits (a "nibble"), and two hex digits = 1 byte (8 bits). This makes binary blobs human-readable at ¼ the length. 0xFF = 255 = 11111111 — the pattern is memorable and fast to translate mentally.

What is two's complement, and how do I use it for negative numbers?

Two's complement is the standard way computers store signed integers. To negate a number: flip all bits, then add 1. For 8-bit: +3 = 00000011 → -3 = 11111101 (253 unsigned). This converter shows a 32-bit 2's-complement representation automatically.

Can I convert fractional numbers (e.g., 3.14) between bases here?

No — this tool converts integers only. Fractional conversion is possible but much more complex (repeating fractions in different bases). For fractions, multiply by the base (e.g., ×16 for hex) and handle the whole/integer parts separately.

What are the 0b / 0o / 0x prefixes accepted in the bitwise panel?

These are standard language prefixes from C/Python/Java/JS: 0b1010 = binary 1010, 0o755 = octal 755, 0xFF = hex FF. Plain numbers without prefix are treated as decimal (base 10).

Is there a size / digit limit?

This tool uses JavaScript BigInt for conversions, so integers can be arbitrarily large (thousands of digits). Performance may slow for extreme values (hundreds of thousands of digits) but it's unbounded, unlike some calculators capped at 64 bits.